Tuesday, November 25, 2008

Intel's Core i7: Blazing Fast, But Crippled O/C : Eight Virtual Cores Through Hyper-Threading part 1



Just as Intel’s Core 2 has firmly established itself in the market, it is already being replaced by a completely new architecture. Unlike the switch from the Pentium 4 / Pentium D to the Core2—where the new CPUs worked as drop-in replacements on existing boards due to the fact that the processors were pin-compatible—Intel’s newest chip requires a completely new "ecosystem." But this transformation represents nothing less than a milestone for Intel.

Here’s the short version. Intel is introducing the Core i7, the successor to the Core 2 processor, which features both improved performance and higher efficiency. In our benchmark suite, the Core i7 is 25% faster clock-for-clock than the Core 2. Overclockers shouldn’t get their hopes up though: all standard models are equipped with an overclocking lock. Since Intel is re-introducing Hyper-Threading to its desktop CPUs in the Core i7 line, the new processors show a marked performance boost in many modern multi-threaded applications. However, the Nehalem platform will not offer improvements where power consumption is concerned.

Simultaneously switching to Socket 1366, the X58 chipset, and a tri-channel DDR3 interface, Intel is once again launching both a new generation of processors and an entirely new platform complete with a corresponding leap in performance. The last time we saw a performance improvement of this magnitude was when Intel moved from the Pentium 4/D line to the Core 2 architecture. The new integrated memory controller offers much higher throughput and is even superior to AMD’s solution on the desktop.

The Core i7 is going to leave Intel’s rival AMD lagging even further behind. Put bluntly, you’d need two and a half Phenom X4 processors to compete with Intel’s current Core i7 flagship model.

Friday, November 21, 2008

Will 'Black Monday' Bring Malware Armageddon?

Matt Egan, PC Advisor

November 24 has been dubbed "black Monday" by security software firms, who reckon that day will see a peak in the spread of information-stealing malware.

Last year, PC Tools used data from 500,000 antivirus installs to pinpoint a dramatic uplift in virus attacks three days before Thanksgiving [apparently it's a US holiday, ed], just when online Christmas shopping was kicking off in earnest, and IT staff were on holiday.

In retrospect, then, 2007's "black Monday" was Monday 19 November. Don't you just hate (black) Mondays?

Of course, history is useful only if you learn from it. And PC Tools' Kurt Baumgartner is confident November 24 will be the day to batten down the hatches. It's worrying stuff, not least because these figures measure only malware that actually makes it on to users PCs.

And you can blame the prevailing economic condition if this year is worse than last, according to Trend Micro. As the credit crunch bites, Christmas shoppers are turning to the web in their droves, hunting down bargains they can't find on the high street.

Because of this, Trend Micro spokesman Adam Biviano said we should look out for Christmas specific malware, in the shape of electronic greetings cards and the like. He told the Sydney Morning Herald : "It's typical for the orchestrators of malware attacks to make use of public holidays, make use of special occasions, because it gives them an angle from which to attract people to click on their link [or] download their attachment."

And according to PC Tools' Baumgartner, those who disseminate malware are getting increasingly creative. For instance, the flaw in PDF document readers we reported last week means 'clean' PDF files can spread malware. Even worse, banner ads on even legitimate sites have been infected, redirecting people to malware sites.

As ever, the best advice is simple: avoid clicking links in emails unless you're convinced of their provenance, and steer clear of any deal or site that looks too good to be true. It is.

ATI Radeon HD 4830, Kartu Grafis Penunjang DirectX 10.1


Ardhi Suryadhi - detikinet

Jakarta - AMD introduced the latest graphics card ATI Radeon HD 4830. HD capability and multimedia support for DirectX 10.1 games a mainstay of this product.

This product also supports ATI CrossFireX, which gamers can combine to create as many 4 graphics card in a PC.

From the sound quality, the ability of such picture-in-picture and support for HD audio technology, such as the current 7.1 surround sound, HD 4830 also claimed the lines provide quality cinema that impressive for the home entertainment experience.

Meanwhile, second-generation Unified Video decoder (UVD 2.0) AMD said burners to create a user to enjoy HD video playback with picture quality that is more sharp, clear, contrast and color through the ATI Avivo technology.

HD 4830 dibanderol in the price of less than U.S. $ 150. From the description written cited detikINET, Mon (27/10/2008), these products soon will be released later in the holiday season.

In addition, the ATI Radeon HD 4830 is also supported by partners that have joined the company in the add-in board. They are ASUS, Club 3D, Diamond Multimedia, Force3D, Gecube, Gigabyte or Nominated Supplier, his (Hightech Information Systems), Jetway, MSi, bankrupt Multimedia, PowerColor, Sapphire and VisionTek Technology.

Kingston HyperX DDR3 2GHz, Memory Triple-Channel Pertama


Wicak Hidayat - detikinet

Jakarta - Kingston declare himself as the first manufacturer to sell the triple-channel memory 2GHz. Offal future increasingly fast computers?

In the written information received detikINET, on Monday (3/11/2008), Kingston claimed to be the first manufacturer to sell the memory configuration with a triple-channel 2GHz, which is designed specifically for the Intel X58 based motherboard. Memory Kingston HyperX DDR3 2GHz package sales have three modules with 1 GB of Intel XMP (Extreme Memory Profile). This memory is specially designed to meet the recommendations for the platform voltage Core i7, which is 1.65 volt.

Ann Bai, Product Manager of the Memory Module, Kingston, said all the packages triple-channel memory can be in the Kingston - overclock manually or by using the XMP profile. Call 2GHz module has been tested up to speed on the ASUS motherboard P6T Deluxe. Meanwhile, Intel DXS8SO on the c, the memory is tested up to 1600MHz.

Kingston family triple-channel also offers a choice of speeds of 1866MHz and 1800MHz, and 1600MHz and 1375MHz low latency. Package three Kingston ValueRAM memory is also available with the speed of 1333MHz and 1066MHz, in 1GB and 2GB capacity per chip.

Cooler Master Reveals New Luxury Limited Edition Bundle


Author: Christoph Katzer


Cooler Master announced the pending arrival of a luxury edition of... yes, of what exactly? Cooler Master couldn't tell us exactly what the full package will entail, but the manufacturer at least revealed a picture of a modified Cosmos chassis and some specs and information for a "luxurious limited edition bundle". Within the package users will get a modified Cosmos chassis decked out in black on the outside and inside. The bundle is to provide "the best products Cooler Master has to offer", so we expect it will also include a power supply, and possibly a water-cooling system or air-coolers for the CPU and GPU. There might be a few other items as well.

Cooler Master also indicates the chassis will have some upgrades in the form of two 140mm fans and a new hard drive bay that includes a 120mm fan. The only picture available right now is the above image, but we do know the chassis is "a special version of the popular Cosmos", so it should be similar to the Cosmos 1000 that has been in the market for a while. Let's look at the Cosmos 1000 a bit more to get an idea of what to expect.

Looking at the inside we see two top-mounted 120mm fans, which are now being changed to two 140mm fans. Since the existing Cosmos 1000 cases already have 140mm mounting holes, this change won't present any problems.

The drive bays will needs some changes to accommodate the new "HDD cooling module with 120mm fan". The number and arrangement of 3.5" bays in the module is not yet known; it could remain six like in the existing Cosmos with a fan in front, or the fan could take up two of the existing HDD spots.

We have seen some black painted interiors in the past, for example from Antec, and these were popular among a certain segment of users. Of course, it costs extra to paint the chassis interior and exterior, especially if you use high-quality paint, and you need to account for additional defect rates. Not long ago, Cooler Master offered CSX brand custom paintjobs, so the idea of a case with high-gloss black paint inside and out might have started there. It's unlikely that the CSX artists have anything to do with the painting of the limited Black Edition, however. Here are some additional pictures of the Cosmos 1000 for reference.


Besides the products, Cooler Master also offers all customers buying the Black Edition bundle exclusive membership in Cooler Master's VIP Club. Details of what this entails are scarce, but this membership provides benefits such as "exclusive articles, downloads, forum access, VIP invites, and much more". Cooler Master is keeping the remaining details secret until December 11, at which time we should also hear about pricing (though we'd hazard "not cheap" is a safe bet).

Until then, we're left with more questions than answers, but Cooler Master expects these bundled cases to fly off the shelves, so if this sounds like something interesting you might want to reserve the date. There will only be 500 of these custom cases/bundles available worldwide, each individually numbered, with no plans for further production. Hopefully the additional components will be as special as the case, or users might need to think twice about whether or not the bundle is worth the price of admission.

AMD's 45nm Opteron Launch

Goodbye Barcelona, Hello Shanghai

After the troubled introduction of AMD's previous CPU microarchitecture, the native quad-core Barcelona that is used in the current Phenom and Opteron processors, the ongoing financial difficulties faced by the company and the recent announcement that AMD was spinning off its foundries into a separate entity (albeit with a remaining 44% stake), the last thing we were expecting was news that AMD would launch its 45nm shrink and refresh of its Opteron processors ahead of schedule.

Yes, it's goodbye to Barcelona and a warm welcome for the latest iteration of the Opteron quad-core processor, codenamed Shanghai. AMD has plenty of reasons to sell to its customers that they badly need a Shanghai Opteron now. And what better way to do that then to invite the regional South Asian media to the Forbidden City by IndoChine in Singapore for a briefing on the new processor.

Unlike the recent Financial Analyst Day held at AMD's campus, the regional media briefing was focused on the Shanghai processor. This meant that there were no details about upcoming desktop, mobile or graphics developments from AMD. The only roadmap in the presentation was for the server platform and that too was rather brief. Therefore, if you're hoping for interesting glimpses of future AMD products, we recommend getting the complete coverage through the webcast on AMD's website or your favorite online tech news source for the summary.

What formed the bulk of the briefing instead were presentations from AMD's biggest partners in the server space, including Dell, HP, IBM and Sun Microsystems about their latest products and how the new processor will be the perfect fit for both existing and new customers. The general summary from these OEM presentations: you can just drop-in the new Opterons to existing systems and they should work, requiring a BIOS update at most probably. This platform stability extends to future 6-core 'Istanbul' processors from AMD and it should be reassuring for customers with the fairly depressed economic outlook currently. Obviously, each company were touting their own selling points and strengths but we're not going into those here.

Instead, what really interested us were the details about the new chip and here are some of the major points that AMD made.

Firstly, the shift to 45nm with a new immersion lithography process allows AMD to ramp up the top speed for the Shanghai Opterons to 2.7GHz. This also probably allowed the company to increase the amount of L3 cache from 2MB on Barcelona to 6MB, which should lead to a small but noticeable performance boost. DDR2-800 memory support has also been added, while the 128-bit integrated memory controller can now be divided into 2 independent 64-bit memory channels for more efficient access since twice as much can be done provided you don't need the full 128-bit bandwidth.

More importantly, the die shrink enables the company to maintain its thermal envelope while enhancing the processor, crucial for power consumption sensitive server chips like the new Opterons.

Power efficiency is another card that AMD has played in the past, with its performance per watt comparisons and the 45nm Shanghai arguably extends this approach, with a new Smart Fetch feature that shuts down an idle core without affecting performance by saving the data from that core's L1 and L2 caches into the shared L3 cache.

Other cores are hence able to access those data as required. Other power management technologies, like CoolCore and Dual Dynamic power management are all related to adjusting the power usage of the cores dynamically and quickly so as to reduce consumption. As it is now, all these new Opterons are rated at 75W each.

Finally, while we don't actually have any numbers to back up the performance of the Shanghai besides AMD's own, early reviews we have seen point to a definite improvement over Barcelona, with AMD holding strong in the power efficiency department against the competition. Although Shanghai may fare well against Intel's Harpertown at the moment, there's no telling what things would be like when Nehalem enters the scene next year, with the brute power of the Core 2 matched with a microarchitecture that's similar to AMD's.

AMD says that the new Opterons are shipping in volume now, with the 2.7GHz model going for US$989 for 1Ku and US$277 for the 2.3GHz Opteron 2376, which are comparable and probably a better deal than Barcelona.

Despite the focus on the Shanghai, you may also have noticed that AMD has switched to a 'Fusion' theme in terms of its branding, which is why our thumbnail is using that Fusion logo. Unfortunately, while the marketing is out and we have been hearing about Fusion for a while now (there's even a white paper on AMD's site about the whole idea of fusion), it's not here yet. Short story: it's about being more efficient by having general purpose CPUs enhanced with integrated, specialized accelerators that are better at certain tasks, like GPUs. However, we won't be seeing this yet, since we believe that AMD will only go full steam on this approach (if ever) when they get to 32nm.

Overall, the earlier than expected launch is positive news for the company. It's about time AMD revived its CPU competitiveness just like it did for its GPU business and we are all looking forward to the 45nm Phenom II next year. Meanwhile, we'll have more in-depth updates, especially benchmark figures from the new Shanghai processor if and when we get a review sample from AMD. So stay tuned to more updates here on www.hardwarezone.com.

The HP Mini 1000 - 2nd Generation



Mini Mini Mini


If you, the dear consumer, aren't spoiled for choice by now when it comes to shopping for a notebook then we don't know what world you're living in. While manufacturers had seemed hesitant at first to jump into the notebook fray, the success of the ASUS Eee PC has all but left their doubts in the dust. If 2008 is anything to go by - it's definitely the year of the notebook, and with the success of its first generation HP 2133 Mini-Note PC, HP is no doubt hoping for more of the same with its second generation, the Mini 1000 notebook.

Based this time on an Intel Atom processor, the HP Mini 1000 moves away from the VIA platform of its older cousin and joins the other notebook with mostly similar specifications. The difference in the Mini 1000 lies in its much smaller and slower hard disk compared to its competitors. We'll talk about this more later during our performance segment but for now, enjoy the glossy and fingerprint magnet that is the HP Mini 1000.

HP Mini 1000 Specifications
Processor and Chipset
  • Intel Atom N270 (1600MHz)
  • Intel 945GSE
Operating System
System Memory
  • 1GB DDR2 System Memory
Video & Display
  • 10.2-inch LCD
  • Native resolution: 1024 x 600
HDD
  • Toshiba 60GB HDD
  • 4200RPM
Communication
  • Integrated 10/100 Ethernet LAN
  • Built-in 802.11b/g WLAN
  • Bluetooth v2.1 (optional)
Audio
  • HD Audio
  • Stereo Speakers
Front & Side I/O Ports
  • 2 x USB 2.0 ports
  • 1 x RJ-45 (10/100)
  • Expansion Port
  • SD/MMC Card Reader
  • headphone/microphone jacks
Miscellaneous
  • Integrated 0.3MP webcam
  • Battery (3-cell)
Dimension & Weight
  • 261.6mm (L) x 166.6mm (W) x 25.13mm (H)
  • 1.13kg


copyright : http://www.hardwarezone.com/

Is the Intel vs. AMD chip war back on?

AMD gets back into the fray รข€” and is gearing up to light a fire under Intel once again

With Advanced Micro Devices Inc. pushing out a slew of new products this month, its long-chilled chip war with Intel Corp. may just be heating up again, analysts say.

After struggling with delayed products and bad market and mind-share woes through 2007, a lot of industry pundits started writing off AMD. And while AMD struggled, Intel held strong over the past year and a half, coming out with quad-core chips and a 45-nanometer processor family and staying well ahead of AMD's road map.

Recently, though, AMD has begun showing some signs of life, pushing out a graphics chip set early this month and a slew of new desktop processors this week. With the first AMD Barcelona-based systems expected to hit in April, and a 65-watt quad-core desktop chip and a triple-core desktop chip now in the mix, AMD may be starting to kick back into gear.

And that kind of renewed competition between the two processor giants can only be good for the industry, said Jim McGregor, an analyst at In-Stat in Scottsdale, Ariz.

"It's good to see AMD back in the game," he said. "They've still got a lot of issues to handle, especially financially. I don't know if I'd say they're in fighting shape. Once you dig a hole, it's hard to dig out of it. But they're definitely back in the game." But as AMD picks up the pace, Intel isn't giving it a steady target.

Intel execs announced less than two weeks ago that the company plans to start shipping a six-core processor to resellers in the second half of this year. With 1.9 billion transistors and 16MB of Level 3 cache, the six-core chip, code-named Dunnington, will be built with Intel's new 45nm technology. At the same time, Intel announced that it will start production of its upcoming 45nm, four-core Nehalem chips in the fourth quarter of this year. And Intel's quad-core, 65nm Tukwila chip, an upgrade from the Itanium family, is due out by the end of the year.

Intel is expected to flesh out more of its chip road map next week at its Intel Developer Forum in Shanghai.

The competition and innovation would be even greater if both companies were in a position to light a fire under the other, said Nathan Brookwood, an analyst at research firm Insight 64 in Saratoga, Calif.

"I used to think that when both these companies were firing on all cylinders, it was like watching a tennis match between two world-class players," he said. "When you have those kind of matches, then the volleys go back and forth and back and forth until somebody gets a lucky break or makes a stupid mistake. I'm hoping there's enough karma in the universe for these companies to do really well in product design and hitting releases. Lately, it's seemed that there was only enough karma for one of them. But I'm not so sure that karma is a fixed quantity. It might be possible to create karma."

Dan Olds, an analyst at Gabriel Consulting Group Inc. in Beaverton, Ore., said for AMD to truly be firing on all cylinders again, it needs to do more than get some new processors out the door. To get over its financial woes and regain its footing in the market, the company can't just play catch-up with its main rival. AMD needs to start excelling past Intel, coming out with better, faster products.

Memory Upgrade Guide


Is your PC running slow? Well memory upgrades are about the cheapest upgrade that you can do to improve your computers performance drastically. This will be a easy tutorial to understand so you can pop in your memory and determine from now on out what you have inside your computer. This will be a step by step guide to install Simms and Dimm memory. Simms memory slots are small and a whiteish color. Dimm memory slots are longer in length and are black. So please when following this tutorial please do not skip read, read carefully or it could end up costing you money.

I.Supplies needed and costs
Supplies you need will be:

II.Steps before installation and preparation

Before we start getting into the installation you should have already looked inside your computer for what type of memory your computer support. If you have 2 or more white slots open means you need 72 pin SIMMS memory. SIMMS must be put in pairs. DIMM on the other hand can go in by itself, so it doesnt need a pair. Clear a space on a desk or table and unplug your computer and carry the case where it is well lighted. Remove the screws holding the out shell of your case, and remove out shell. Now you should be able to see the motherboard and all the insides. Now look for your memory slots on your mother board, If you can not see them then you might have to move or take some stuff out to be able to move around inside but you probly wont have to. So you know, the box in the top left with red, yellow, and black cables coming out is the power supply.

III.The Installation of the Memory

Ok. Now your ready to install the memory.

If you are installing SIMMs memory then...

Grab one of the sticks of memory and slide it into slot from the top at a 60 degree angle(Ex.\.). Once you have it slid all the way in,push it to a upright position until you hear it click. Now put in its pair. Then re-connect the cables and moniter and turn on the power. On the boot up screen look at the memory count will be like 32838k(32MB) of memory. Make sure its reading the memory. If that number varies significantly from what you were expecting contact manufacturer or dealer you bought your memory from.

If you are installing DIMM memory then...

Grab one of the sticks of DIMM memory and line it up to the DIMM Socket so the grooves in the memory stick are the same on the motherboard. Once lined up push the white arms on the top and bottom of the DIMM socket to a outward position so they are not in the way of the memory. Now press firmly on the top and bottom until the white arms come in locking the memory in place.Then re-connect the cables and moniter and turn on the power. On the boot up screen look at the memory count will be like 32838k(32MB) of memory. Make sure its reading the memory. If that number varies significantly from what you were expecting contact manufacturer or dealer you bought your memory from.

IV.CMOS Check

On boot enter your PC should recognize the memory. Not many systems require you but if its required you will get a error message. Then enter your systems setup.
V.Conclusion
Once windows is booted up check out the new memory and make sure it is working properly. I hope this helped you in the steps of installing or upgrading your new memory. If you have any suggestions or questions feel free to email me. More tutorials to come and soon a HTML version with picture references.

Installing a Hard Drive

Installing a Hard Drive

So your old hard drive is acting up? or just too small? Well you came to the right place. In this tutorial I will provide you with information on installing a new hard drive in addition to your old hard drive, and tell you how to upgrade and existing hard drive. Please follow the tutorial step by step and read it all carefully or you could end up loosing all your existing data.

I.Supplies needed and costs
Supplies you need will be:

  • A Hard drive ($50-$250 depending on size)
  • Phillips Screwdriver (Should have)
  • Needlenose Pliers (Should have)
  • Anti-static wrist strap(optional)

II.Steps before installation and preparation

Before you start digging around in your computer...you are going to want to get everything you need at hand. If you are starting clean and reinstalling a new version of windows you will want to have a formatted drive and a DOS boot disk. You can create a boot disk by getting a blank floppy and open My Computer then right click on (A:) and select format. Then select option "Copy System files" which then will create a disk for booting up in DOS prompt once you have fomatted your hard drive for Windows installation. If you have a existing drive that you want transfer your data to your new hard drive, you will want to get a DiskCopy utility from (www.powerquest.com). Also note that DISKCOPY and XCOPY will not copy hidden and system files. Once you have all disk backed up and ready to move, clear a space on a desk or table and unplug your computer and carry the case where it is well lighted. Remove the screws holding the out shell of your case, and remove out shell. Now you should be able to see the motherboard and all the insides. So you know, the box in the top left with red, yellow, and black cables coming out is the power supply. At the end of those wires is a connecter with 4 pin holes. Then the ribbons you see are what transfer the data from the drive to the motherboard. Look at your existing setup and look how they connect to the floppy drive etc.

III.The Installation of the HD

Ok. Now your ready to install the hard drive. If your replacing a existing drive look at the jumper settings on the back of your hard drive. Jumpers are what tell your computer what its purpose is. They are pins in sets of 2. They look like this :::[:]:: with ( : = pins and [] = the jumper which slids on the pins. ) Once you find out what your existing drive's jumper settings are you then can set your new hard drives jumper settings to the same as the existing. Most drives have listed what the settings are but if they are not listed on the actual hard drive you should refer to the manufacturers website. Your new hard drive should be set on Master and if your just adding an additional hard drive set your old one to slave and new one to master. Now when putting in your new drive you are going to want to slide it in ussually below floppy drive or anywhere you have room. Once you have it slid in connect the power connector to the drive and the wide EIDE ribbon with the pink line on the right near the power connector. Once installation is complete of your hard drive, re-connect the cables and moniter and turn on the power.
IV.CMOS Check

On boot enter your PC's setup program(On boot it ussually shows you what key to press for system setup) and check the BIOS for drives 1 and 2 if you added an additional hard drive. Make sure both drives are set on AUTO so it can detect and set up correctly. Save and reboot.
V.Conclusion

Once windows is booted up check out the new drive and make sure it is working properly. If you added a drive reformat the old one so now you can prepare it for more data. I hope this helped you in the steps of installing or upgrading a new hard drive. If you have any suggestions or questions feel free to email me. More tutorials to come and soon a HTML version with picture references.

The Overclocking Mini-Tutorial

What is Overclocking?

Overclocking is a cool way of making your CPU, video card (monitor card), 3D accelerator and some other kinds of hardware run faster and give better performance for free! (Intel's worst nightmare!!!!)
During this tutorial I will teach you how to overclock your CPU, but you can use this information to overclock other kinds of hardware on your PC. Now, your CPU speed is based on two factors - your BUS(2) speed and your clock speed (mine is 1 second per second... just kidding. I don't mean a standard clock, like one you can tell time out of. Read on and you'll understand).
Example: The BUS speed on older computers (let's take a Pentium I 166MHZ(3) as an example) is about 66MHZ. 166, the CPU speed, divided by 66, the BUS speed, gives you about 2.5, meaning your clock speed is about 2.5. Simple, huh? BUS speed X clock speed = CPU speed.

Now, what exactly is overclocking and how do I do it?

Materials

1. The little booklet you were supposed to received together with your CPU.

  1. A screwdriver (better be a Philips screwdriver).
  2. A metal plier with a rubber/plastic handle or a bunch of fingers (better be your fingers... oh, and when I said a bunch of fingers, I've meant at least 5, all of them attached to a living hand (better be yours). Undeads are also welcome).
  3. A calculator / a brain.

A) Open your computer using your trusty screwdriver.
B) Look at the little booklet you have and find the part about the jumpers(4) board and read.
C) Use the plier or the fingers to change the jumpers array so you will receive the clock speed you are interested in. Oh yeah, and try not to step on your CMOS chip(5) or on your Cache chip(6).
Note: newer CPUs are "Clock Locked", meaning you cannot change their clock speed, but you can still change their BUS speed... ;)
Changing the BUS speed is similar to changing the clock speed (read the part on your booklet about the jumpers).

How Dangerous is This Whole Thing?


Well, you CAN fry your modem, but it all depends on you.
If you screw up and step on things, spill coffee over your computer or overclock your CPU too much (see Advanced Tips), don't come back crying to me.
Possible Side Effects:

  1. Your computer won't start: this probably means you have overclocked your computer too much. Lower your CPU speed a bit and then try again.
  2. Your OS won't start (or crash very frequently) or your computer will reboot itself randomly etc': open your computer, find the jumper that changes the CPU Voltage (the CPU Voltage is usually something that fits into this pattern: 2.x, when x can be any number) and increase the voltage a bit on every time.
    Remember to increase your CPU Voltage as little as you can. The maximum is "VOLT 2.30". If your computer still gives you problems then do a little less overclocking and it should be fine.
  3. Overclocking your CPU might increase it's temperature and decrease it's life span. Don't worry about that, experts claim that during the year 2,000 we will replace our CPU once every 6 months and this will become more frequent during the years so you've got nothing to worry about.

    How to Avoid these Side Effects:
  1. Attach another fan or a "Heat Sink" to your CPU. It shouldn't cost much (a couple of bucks, maybe) and the outcomes would amaze you (For example: using a device that cools your CPU to -20 Celsius degrees you can turn a Celeron 300A into a 633MHZ CPU)
  2. Place your computer where you won't block it's air ways.
  3. There are programs like CPUIdle (URL(7) to download: http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Monitor/6990/cpuidle.zip) that can shut down your CPU while it's not in use. These actions can decrease the temperature of your CPU, and it can even increase your CPU's life span. Note: CPUIdle only works on Windows, since it is "Built-In" on other OSs (see CPUIdle's documentations).

    Statistically Speaking, How Safe is this?
    Very safe. Out of tens of thousands of overclockers in the world, only a very few got some of their hardware fried up (and who says it's because of the overclocking anyway?), and those guys didn't listen to the safety warnings (they overclocked their CPU too much, increased the CPU Voltage too much etc').

    Is it Worth the Trouble?
    DUH!!! Of course it is! Do the math yourself.

    More Info on Speeding Up Your Computer
    Try the "Modem Speedup" section at blacksun.box.sk

    How do I Overclock My 3D Accelerator?
    Overclocking 3D accelerators is pretty much like overclocking CPUs, only you have to take one factor into consideration... your CPU speed.
    You see, the speed your 3D accelerator works depends on your CPU. The 3D accelerator cannot work faster than the CPU, since some vital 3D calculations are done by it, hence the accelerator cannot continue without these calculations.
    If your CPU's speed is lower than 400MHZ, I advise you not to overclock your 3D accelerator. Go overclock your CPU and then overclock your 3D card!!!!

    Newbies Corner
  1. CPU - Central Processing Unit. A little chip that does all of your calculations (besides graphical calculations, which are mostly done by video cards or 3D accelerators, but they all work according to a "blueprint" given to them by the CPU).
  2. BUS - BUSsed aren't yellow and they don't have a sing saying "school BUS" beside them.
    BUSses are little electronic connections which send out electric pulses from different pieces of hardware on your computer to other pieces of hardware.
    Without the BUSses your CPU, sound/monitor/modem cards, RAM chip etc' won't be able to communicate with each other.
  3. MHZ - Mega Hertz. To make a long story short, this is the speed of your CPU.
  4. Jumpers - they're inside your computer, they look like tiny little plastic squares and they usually have 2 or more little metal pieces which send electricity from one side to the other (unless they're broken).
    They are usually sitting there next to each other. Oh yeah, and they taste bad, so don't try eating any of those.
  5. CMOS Chip - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. The little chip that stores some of your computer's most basic configuration.
  6. Cache Chip - when your CPU feels like accessing a memory segment, it can either read it from the RAM chip(8) or from the cache chip.
    The cache chip is much faster than the RAM chip, which usually has the speed of 66MHZ (at the time this tutorial was written).

    The cache chip works this way:
    A) Your CPU wants to access some kind of data which is not stored on your Hard Drive, on a CD, on a diskette etc' (read section 8 of the Newbies Corner first). Common sense says it should head to the RAM chip, right?
    B) No, sir! First the CPU looks up that data on the cache chip. The cache chip is much faster than the RAM chip and it is located closer to the CPU, and it contains the most recent pieces of data the CPU retrieved from the RAM chip.
    C) If the data was found on the cache chip, hurray! The CPU may now proceed with it's actions. Final outcome: the CPU saved a lot of time.
    D) If the data was not found on the cache chip, the CPU will head off to the RAM chip. Final outcome: the CPU wasted very very little time.
    Note: while your RAM can contain 32MB (MegaBytes), 64MB, 128MB (currently not present on any home PC) or 256MB (see 128MB), but the cache size will vary from 256K to 516K, when 1024K = 1MB (again, this info is relevant to the time this tutorial was written).
    Note 2: if you played around a little with your Internet browser and found out that your browser has it's own cache memory, let me explain.
    Your browser has what is called "Disk Cache" - it caches Internet files (HTML files, pictures etc') on your hard drive so next time you will access those files it will only have to check if there is a newer version of them, and if not it will load them from the cache. If there is a newer version of these files they will be redownloaded and the disk cache will be updated. It is possible to disable the disk cache or limit it to a specific space (Example: don't cache anymore than 30MB. Example2: don't cache at all).
    Note 3: several Operating Systems have disk cache too, which is similar to your browser's disk cache (but has nothing to do with the net. Well, most of the time...).
  7. URL - Universal Resource Locator - an Internet address.
  8. RAM Chip - a chip that stores data which is not saved on your hard drive, CDs, diskettes etc' (temporary data used by programs and/or games).
  9. Flames - the action of flaming someone (send him angry mail about things he has done, opinions he has etc' which you do not agree with).